Friday, August 21, 2020

Separate Peace Essays (2068 words) - Phillips Exeter Academy

Separate Peace Managing adversaries has been an issue since the time the very beginning. In A Separate Peace by John Knowels, the benefit of managing your emotions and managing your foes is appeared by Gene Forester, an understudy in Devon during World War 2 managing hardly any human foes, yet his feelings make a foe far more prominent than any human adversary. I never murdered anyone, Gene had remarked later in his adulthood, And I never built up an exceptional level of disdain for the adversary. Since my war finished before I at any point put on a uniform; I was ready for deployment all my time at Devon; I killed my foe there. Now about the adversaries that Gene had placed into his own life. Quality had a closest companion, his name was Finny, they were flat mates and did numerous exercises together. Finny was never the source, however the center of the greater part of Gene's emotions, both acceptable and awful. Initial, probably the most serious issue that Gene had, that is envy. Quality was desirous of Finny's confidency, receptiveness, humility, brilliant athletic capacities, his normal initiative aptitudes, his capacity to manage pressure effectively, his consideration free demeanor, his relationship building abilities and, obviously, his attractive features. Ahead of schedule in the story Finny exhibited his receptiveness by when requested his tallness, he said 5 foot, 8 inches, while Gene answers 5 foot, 9 inches. Finny called attention to that they were a similar stature and you shouldn't be embarrassed to tell anyone your genuine stature. Soon thereafter, they skip supper to swim in the stream, by Finny's decision, and are asked where they were on return. Finny immediately answered that they were swimming in the stream, something that is illegal, directly down to the last detail, and they pulled off it. Quality said that the principles are very twisted throughout the late spring meeting, yet it was really Finny's relationship building abilities that experienced kept them out of difficulty. Finny was intense, as Gene numerous a period wished he was, on one event Finny wore a brilliant pink shirt representing the first U.S. bombarding in Europe. Quality considered him a faerie yet truly begrudged him. Later Finny wore the school tie as a belt and when addressed he guaranteed that it spoke to Devon in the war. Gene was hopeingly anticipating a reprimanding for Finny, yet once more, he got in a tough situation. One more day the two were strolling and went over a plaque close to the pool asserting that A. Hopkins Parker held the record for swimming over the pool the quickest, Finny took one glance at furthermore, figured he could beat it, so with no training at all he dove into the pool, Gene planned him and he beat it, much the same as that. Quality needed to get an official scorekeeper so Finny could get a plaque however Finny said no, in my head I realize that I did it, that is the only thing that is important, in this way illustrating that Finny is humble and secure. The following day Gene and Finny went to the sea shore, which wasn't permitted. This was done at Finny's solicitation, Gene was going to concentrate for a test, yet he felt that he can't state no to Finny so hello went. At the sea shore Gene saw many individuals taking a gander at them, he realized they were taking a gander at Finny as a result of his very much manufactured body and his brilliant tan however Finny said that they were taking a gander at Gene. Before they return, Finny calls Gene his best buddy and Gene needed to answer, however he wasn't certain about it himself and he likewise makes some hard memories communicating his actual emotions. That was his first foe, presently the following, outrage. Quality's indignation isn't really awful alone yet when desire and outrage are sneaking in a similar space, they end up being a fatal blend. Quality was irate about such things as Finny's capacity not to get in a tough situation, and Gene's reluctance to state no to Finny, yet the genuine war began when he got the possibility that in light of the fact that Finny has low evaluations, he needed to bring down Gene's evaluations also so he will superior to Gene. Quality accepted that Finny was attempting to unleash his examinations with games, an association they had shaped the Secret Suicide Society, heading off to the sea shore and this you're my closest companion stuff. Other than that, there is little outrage among Finny and Gene. One day, Finny needed Gene to come bounce off a high appendage into the stream

Thursday, July 9, 2020

The Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Food Insecurity - Free Essay Example

Research Question / Hypothesis H0 = there is no statically significant linear model that can predict food insecurity in both least developed and developed countries as the result of the global climate change. Ha = there is a statically significant linear model that can predict food insecurity in both least developed and developed countries as the result of the global climate change. Is the slope significantly different than 0? (t-test) Ho = b1=0, b2 = 0, b3 = 0 Ha = b1?0, b2 ? 0, b3 ? 0 METHOD To examine the relationship between food insecurity and the exposure to disasters (floods, droughts, and extreme weather events), thirty countries have been randomly selected. For this experiment, food insecurity is viewed as the effects of which floods, droughts, and extreme weather events that each country may experience over the course one year—2009. The percentage of droughts, floods, and extreme weather recorded in percentage is used to predict the food insecurity that each country was reported by FAO (2014). Dataset for both variables are from the same year of 2009. This paper intends to make analysis on the global exposure of climate change in 30 countries using the percentage of droughts, floods and extreme weather events under the effects of climatic conditions. A dataset of 30 countries for the percentage of flood, droughts, and extreme events were combined with a national food insecure in 2009. To run this analysis, two continuous variables are used, these variables are (1). Food insecurity people experience in each country (in percentage) which is the dependent variable; (2). The predictor (IV) – percentage of population that experiences droughts, floods, and extreme weather events. Results After running a simple linear regression, the overall measure shows an association reflecting in this model, the dependent variable (food insecurity) could be explained by the independent variable (IV the percentage of population experienced droughts, floods, and extreme temperatures). According to the model summary (figure 1), R-Squared value indicates that the correlation between the observed and predicted values of food security is 27.8%. My model explained 27.8% of the variability of food insecurity. The F statistic (figure 2) was greater than one. A statistically significant model was built to predict the level of food insecurity in a country using the percentage of population experience droughts, floods, or extreme temperature. There is a linear model to predict the level of food insecurity in a country based on the percentage of population experience droughts, floods, or extreme temperature. My model explains more variance than it leaves unexplained and is statistically significantly better than the mean at explaining the amount of lead in the park’s soil based on its distance from the road. F(dfM, dfR) = F (1, 28) = 2.345, p 0.05. Discussion/ Analysis The values of the gradient and intercept shows that the slope (b1 = -0.515) is significantly different from 0 (t=.1531, p

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

The Organizational Culture of Quinlans - 3389 Words

The Organizational Culture of Quinlans Introduction Quinlan has been UK’s foremost retail giant for a long period of time. By end of 1998 there was evidence of a crisis and since then the company has been on a decline. The company has been ignoring market changes and trying to maintain its corporate image and identity. This has caused the customers to drift to more fashionable brands causing huge loss of business to Quinlan. Presently the company is on a restructuring exercise to improve sales with particular emphasis on customer satisfaction and marketing. Organisation culture at Quinlan’s Organisation culture can be defined as the set of key values, beliefs, understandings and†¦show more content†¦This culture gives prominence to achievement and competitiveness. Employees usually work long hours to achieve certain goals. c) Clan – This culture is reflected in organisations that emphasise on employee’s participation in meeting changes of the environment. Particular attention is paid to employee well welfare. d) Bureaucratic - This type of culture is visible in organisations that follow a well-defined way of doing things. Employees are not encouraged to take risks and rewarded for following rules. This is suitable for a stable environment that is hard to find in these modern days. It is visible that Quinlan’s culture was bureaucratic. In particular Quinlan had: a) Properly defined rules and procedures to function in a predictable and routine manner b) Roles were clearly defined and labour was divided based on these roles c) A hierarchical chain of command d) Clear separation of ownership and control Culture and organisation success Daft, Management, 2003, chapter 3 explains that an organisation has two main environments: the external and internal. The external environment includes elements that exist outside the boundary but have the ability to affect the organisation. Eg. competitors, resources, technology, customers. The internal environment consists of

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Research On B2b International Research Firm - 955 Words

In week seven of our Research Methods course we were asked to identify two research firms and essentially do a compare and contrast on them. After listening to the lecture and doing a little review, I identified two main research corporations that interested me enough to do further research. This week my scholarly activity will be written on B2B International Research firm and EFG Worldwide Research firm. The two firms are very unique in the way they collect data using a variety of different tools, however they also acknowledge that research cannot be specified down to one method and may require multiple methods. As we begin to look into the varying tools that each company uses, I will also discuss the effectiveness of those tools. Beginning with the European Fieldwork Group or EFG Worldwide, they are strategically set up to provide businesses with a one-stop-shop experience which is assisted by the local presence within multiple states. (EFG WORLDWIDE. (2015)) With the speed of communication, the financial market and commerce this is an extremely important benefit to business companies looking for assistance. The EFG Worldwide states that they offer the following tools to consumers; quantitative fieldwork to include telephone, face-to-face, online research and mystery shopping. The company also has an expanded qualitative fieldwork group that consists of focus groups, in-depth interviews and even ethnological studies. While EFG tries to help both industry and smallShow MoreRelatedB2b Branding : A Sustainability Perspective1377 Words   |  6 PagesB2B BRANDING IN EMERGING MARKETS: A SUSTAINABILITY PERSPECTIVE INTRODUCTION B2B companies, especially in emerging economies, operate in socio-economically and ecologically susceptible areas. 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(Kotler, 2001) BrandRead MoreA Cross-Industry Review of B2B Critical Success Factors7933 Words   |  32 Pagescross-industry review of B2B critical success factors Riyad Eid Myfanwy Trueman and Abdel Moneim Ahmed Introduction In recent years business-to-business international Internet marketing (B2B IIM) has received widespread attention. Avlonitis and Karayanni (2000), Hamill and Gregory (1997), Hoffman et al. (1999), Porter (2001) and Quelch and Klein (1996) conducted in-depth studies to understand those factors that are needed to enhance B2B IIM implementation. Various articles, empirical research, and secondaryRead MoreThe Different Types of Business Exchanges712 Words   |  3 PagesThree Types of Business Exchanges Of the many types of business-to-business (B2B) exchanges today, the most prevalent are the public, private and consortium-based exchange frameworks that dominate specific industries and deliver greater transaction velocity and profitability as well. 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Mental Health Nursing Care Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mental Health Nursing Care. Answer: Introduction: Adolescence is regarded as one of the most vulnerable and impressionable time spans of life (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). This phase of life has been considered to be an important age for the onset of various mental illnesses and disorders (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). The risk of developing various mental disorders at this age or time phase attributes additional complexity to the age of adolescence in an individual (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). The mental illnesses that present during adolescence are complex and have emotional inconsistencies in the background (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). It is critical, therefore, to identify the onset of mental disorders at an early stage in adolescents along with providing timely and effective treatment (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). However, the treatment of mental disorders in adolescents is much complex and requires effective and meaningful training to the health care providers and mental health nurses (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). The optimization of mental health nursing is one of the most crucial aspects of psychiatric health service (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). The changing times have visibly had an inadvertent effect on the mental health and stability amongst the youth and adolescents (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). Australia places great emphasis on the optimization of mental health nursing and eradicating the challenges that the Australian youth face during adolescence (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). Research suggests that in the lifetime of an individual, mental health disorders predominantly present between the age of 14 and 24 (Gournay, 2005) (Ballard, 2008). The concerns of mental health in young people are primarily of a psychosocial nature (Youth Mental health report, 2015)(Hart et al., 2012). In the recent times, the youth across the world report a lack of knowledge about the various mental health services along with not knowing whom to approach to seek mental health guidance (Youth Mental health report, 2015) (Hart et al., 2012). The state of integrated mental health is defined as the state of being able to adjust to fellow hum ans and the surrounding environment of the world and society effectively along with the highest degree of happiness (Youth Mental health report, 2015) (Hart et al., 2012). Mental illnesses therefore constitute a disrupted peace of mind, moods, emotions, and thoughts or the inability to deal with the changes in the surrounding world (Youth Mental health report, 2015) (Hart et al., 2012). In adolescents, the severity of personal, physiological, hormonal, and emotional changes makes the concept of mental health additionally complex (Youth Mental health report, 2015) (Hart et al., 2012). The aetiology of mental illnesses includes biological, physical, chemical, and psychosocial factors (Youth Mental health report, 2015) (Hart et al., 2012). The societal expectations and the stress associated with these expectations lead to the development of mental disturbance resulting in illnesses (Youth Mental health report, 2015)(Hart et al., 2012). The primary concerns of youth in the recent times include the topical factors including the likes of study-related stress, coping with normal stress levels, body image, substance and alcohol abuse, depression, body image issues, emotional abuse, safety concerns, school problems, and bullying (Youth Mental health report, 2015) (Hart et al., 2012).In the recent times, the adolescents and the young population are extremely concerned about the occurrence of stress and mental health disorders, according to a survey by the Australian commission (Youth Mental health report, 2015). In nursing health practice, psychiatric nursing, and particularly adolescent mental health nursing are inevitable and the most challenging areas of nursing health care service (Kutcher et al., 2009).The practice of mental health nursing has evolved in the past two decades (Kutcher et al., 2009). The most initial division of mental illnesses was neurosis, characterised by anxiety and distress, and psychosis, characterised by complete impairment of understanding and disintegration in personality and understanding of reality(Kutcher et al., 2009). The previous decades have witnessed serious changes in nursing practice (Kutcher et al., 2009). The primary changes have been that in the 1900s, there was a resolute dominance of schizophrenia and related disorders that were treated in a single mental health care unit (Kutcher et al., 2009). However, the recent times have evolved into the provision of various tertiary and social health aids (Kutcher et al., 2009). The common health disorders, however, have become more complex (Kutcher et al., 2009). Critically, the outcomes of nursing have become more complex due to the increase in the number of mental health illnesses that are, in some way subsets of the previous larger disorders (Kutcher et al., 2009). The gross classification of mental health illnesses has been further divided to more complex and indistinguishable array of related disorders (Kutcher et al., 2009). According to research, the number of nurses and the social and tertiary care units has escalated (Kutcher et al., 2009 ). The primary reason for this is the development of several disorders that were absent or unheard of in the past (Kutcher et al., 2009). Despite several changes in the training provided to nurses, there is a marked lack of understanding on handling complicated conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compuslive disorder, or learning disorders (Kutcher et al., 2009). In the recent times, there is dearth of nurse staffing in mental health care units and a resultant overlap of several responsibilities (Kutcher et al., 2009). Recently, interventions such as family group intervention, physical health monitoring, pharmacological treatment, and rehabilitation have gained momentum (Kutcher et al., 2009). The positive aspect of the changing nursing practice in adolescent psychiatric health, however, is the waning degree of stigma on the discussion of mental health concerns (Kutcher et al., 2009). The alterations in the interventions that are received at most nursing health care units have significant psychosocial outcomes on the youth (Drew, 2014) (Drew et al., 2009). The youth constantly face rising levels of school or study-related stress, concerns regarding body image, bullying, social pressures, and expectations (Drew, 2014) (Drew et al., 2009). The changes in the recent practices of nursing have provided the opportunity to approach dedicated social care units with trained professionals who are capable of providing the required support to them (Drew, 2014) (Drew et al., 2009). However, these organisations need to have improved coordination and efficacy in providing effective health service to the youth. The primary reason for this is that there are a plethora of options and not enough guidance for choosing the most appropriate mental health service (Drew, 2014) (Drew et al., 2009). The clinical outcomes of the youth include the lack of information about their current cond ition and the help that they seek. Awareness of these organisations and their specific functionality needs to be propagated for effective resolution of clinical outcomes for the youth (Drew, 2014) (Drew et al., 2009). Conclusion: The current essay deals with the complexity and the essence of psychiatric nursing in adolescents and young people. Providing mental health nursing care to young persons and adolescents involves the consideration of the socioeconomic and societal implications. The societal pressure and the stigma attached to mental health nursing stops several adolescents from seeking help. Social and tertiary care sectors have to enhance the association with the primary nursing care centres in order to address the issue adequately. The government health policies in adolescent mental health nursing have to adequately incorporated into the primary care sectors. There are several challenges in psychiatric nursing for adolescents that involve the influence of the changing times on the young persons. The changing times have seen an increase in the number of categories of disease development. The current essay critiques the complexity of divisions in mental health diagnoses and the reason for the difficul ty in the incorporation of the individual diagnostic tool. The current nursing facilities lack enough personnel and knowledge of governmental policies in the primary care facilities. These are issues that lead to challenges in psychiatric nursing for adolescents. References Ballard, K.A. (2008). Psychiatric mental health nursing: an introduction to theory and practice. Chapter 2: Issues and trends in psychiatric-mental health nursing. Jones and Bartlett publishers. Drew, B.L. (2014). The Evolution of the Role of the Psychiatric Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse in the United States, Guest Editorial. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28, 298300 Drew, B. L., Delaney, K. R. (2009). National survey of psychiatric mental health advanced practice nursing: Development, process, and finding. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 15, 101110. Delaney, K. R., Robinson, K. M., Chafetz, L. (2013). Development of integrated mental health care: Critical workforce competencies. Nursing Outlook, 61, 384391 Farley-Toombs, C. (2011). Shaping the future of PMH-APRN practice through engagement. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 17, 250252. Gournay, K. (2005). The changing face of psychiatric nursing. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 11, 611 Hart, C., Parker, R., Patterson, E., Hegarty, K., Sanci, L. (2012). Potential roles for practice nurses in preventive care for young people - A qualitative study. Australian Family Physician, 41(8), 618-621 Hanrahan, N. P., Delaney, K. R., Stuart, G. W. (2012). Blueprint for the development of the advanced practice psychiatric nurse workforce. Nursing Outlook, 60, 91106 Hoge, M. A., Stuart, G. W., Morris, J., Flaherty, M. T., Paris, M., Goplerud, E. (2013). Mental health and addiction workforce development: Federal leadership is needed to address the growing crisis. Health Affairs, 32, 20052012 Kent-Wilkinson, A. E. (2010). Forensic psychiatric/mental health nursing: Responsive to social need. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 31, 425431 Kutcher, S., Davidson, S., Manion, I. (2009). Child and youth mental health: Integrated health care using contemporary competency-based teams. Paediatr Child Health, 14(5), 315-318 Nicholls, D., Gaynor, N., Shafiei, T., Bosanac, P., Farrell, G. (2011). Mental health nursing in emergency departments: The case for a nurse practitioner role. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20, 530536 Royal college of nursing (2014).Mental health in children and young people.Available at https://my.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/596451/RCNguidance_CYPmental_health_WEB.pdf[Accessed on 11th Aug 2017] World Health Organization. Caring for children and adolescents with mental disorders. Geneva: WHO, 2003 Youth Mental health report 2015. Young peoples mental health over the years youth survey 2012-14. Mission Australia. Available at: https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:EtJ5bH9cCaYJ:https://www.missionaustralia.com.au/publications/research/young-people/399-youth-survey-mental-health-report-2015/file+cd=2hl=enct=clnkgl=in

Wednesday, April 22, 2020

The Boston Photographs Essay Example

The Boston Photographs Paper Dead Death in tabloids has been a pressing issue for decades. During Vietnam this was an especially prominent, and has continued into the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. No matter the place or the time people will always disapprove of death in photographs. It Just seems Like they feel It is disrespecting and disgraceful. I for one personally believe that some pictures should be shown In tabloids. Yes not all Images should be seen by the public, but there Is no better way for people to learn the truth particularly with the war on Iraq. The pictures of life and death are a mixed bunch. As such are the images taken by Stanley Forman on July 22, 1975, of the mother and child falling when a fire escape broke. For Stanley to even be able to take these pictures with the technology that was in use at the time is a great feat. He took an enormous amount of criticism for his shots. Yes It Is not the most pleasing Image a reader would Like to open up the morning paper too, and a lot of people had a hard time getting over that, but a person must look at the image as it was captured. With the disapproval aside if he had not taken these images not one morning reader loud have actually know what went on the night before. It would have just been another name with no face that died in a fire. Since he was able to get those shots, in my view it actually helped put the story together by showing me how the tragic event unfolded. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boston Photographs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Boston Photographs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Boston Photographs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At least a person could be thankful that both the mother and child did not die. The one boy actually landed on his mother and lived. All of the people that questioned the photos cannot get passed their first impressions and look at the bigger picture, which is death happens and it is better to learn then go blind about it. Charles Seibel, the former managing editor of the Washington Star writes any editor who decided to print those pictures without giving at least a moments thought to what purpose they served and what their effect was likely to be on the reader (248). Of course many people will probably disagree with me on the grounds that the images are too gruesome, but one cannot go sheltered their whole lives they must realize all aspects of life. The tabloids from Vietnam were not very accurate. Now granted I was not around for it, but all of the articles I have read, and a lot of the people that I have had the pleasure of talking with about this very sensitive subject have agreed with me. From what was actually going on to what was being seeing by the American public was portrayed in two very deferent views. Impossible some will say. You have all the wrong facts, Is what a lot of Americans were saying about the war. The images that were seen in the states were so far from the truth, that they were led to believe that it was the men and women in uniforms fault the so many lives were lost. The newspapers would only post the bad pictures. If one person had he guts to post photos of what a dead American looked like after a run in with the Viet c on. Yes I will agree with these people that this image should be respected and possibly not seen, but at the same time this Image could have helped the people the military. Going back to the advance in technology, if the reporters would have had the Nixon camera that Mr.. Foreman is said to have used, they could have a lot better action shots and hopefully would have done a better Job showing what was really going on. If a person looked at the news articles and all of the images that have been published on the Iraq and Afghanistan wars you would not see a lot of pictures about what it is like in a conflict or war. The Journalist often times only report on something to make the military look bad. While in Iraq, I experienced this type of event first hand. A lot of things that I saw never ended up in the tabloids. Anytime a marine was killed all that was heard about it was another marine died in Iraq. Sometimes it would have been helpful to have pictures on these events. Now yes some of these images no one should ever have to witness, but a good majority of the time an image loud have bettered the situation. People say they want the war to be over and bring all the troops home. The easiest way to do this would be to show a group of marines a picture of a fellow marine that had been killed in the line of duty, protecting the same people back in the US that say its disrespectful to show dead bodies, they get very aggressive when one of their own is killed. They would find where the picture was taken and would make sure it never happened again. Pictures also help put a closure on things. For those who were not around they can see the aftermath and might even be able to learn from that image. If Journalist would add a little more truth to the pictures they post, and not be afraid about what other people might say about them I bet people would have a completely different look about the Iraq war. Instead they are too worried about their image that they do not post depictions of what happens when a suicide bomber blows up a mosque filled with military and civilians. One time I know for a fact that this happened was a photo Journalist took photo of a building that had been destroyed by a suicide car bomber. In his Image all it showed was the wreckage of the explosion and a few dead locals. He failed to mention the two marines that lost their lives trying to save countless others, but in turned tried to blame it on them. With that rant and ramble off my chest, I will let you decide Mr.. Chief Editor of your big time newspaper, would you think twice about letting your photographers post images of the dead? I am not asking you to post every single image that appears of dead bodies, but I am asking you that you do not completely reject these images of life because death is a large part of the human life. Works Cited Prone, Nora. The Boston Photographs. Convergences. Deed. Robert Atman. Nee York: Bedford/SST Martins, 2009. 244-249

Monday, March 16, 2020

Latin Names for Days of the Week

Latin Names for Days of the Week Romans named the days of the week after the seven  known planets–or rather, celestial bodies- which had been named after Roman gods: Sol, Luna, Mars, Mercury, Jove (Jupiter), Venus,  and Saturn. As used in the Roman calendar, the gods names were in the genitive singular case, which meant each day was a day of or assigned to a certain god. dies Solis,  day of the Sundies Lunae,  day of the Moondies Martis,  day of Mars (Roman god of war)dies Mercurii,  day of Mercury  (Roman messenger of the gods and god of commerce, travel, thievery, eloquence,  and science.)  dies Iovis,  day of Jupiter (Roman god who created thunder and lightning; patron of the  Ã‚  Roman state)  dies Veneris,  day of Venus  (Roman goddess of love and beauty)dies Saturni,  day of Saturn  (Roman god of agriculture) Latin and Modern Romance Languages All of the Romance languages–French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Catalan, and others- were derived from Latin. The development of those languages over the last 2,000 years has been traced using ancient documents, but even without looking at those documents, the modern-day names of the week have clear similarities to the Latin terms. Even the Latin word for days (dies) is derived from the Latin  from the gods (deus,  diis  ablative plural), and it too is reflected in the endings of the Romance language day terms (di or es). Latin Days of the Week and Romance Language Cognates (English) Latin French Spanish Italian MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday dies Lunaedies Martisdies Mercuriidies Iovisdies Venerisdies Saturnidies Solis LundiMardiMercrediJeudiVendrediSamediDimanche lunesmartesmià ©rcolesjuevesviernessbadodomingo lunedà ¬martedà ¬mercoledà ¬giovedà ¬venerdà ¬sabatodomenica Origins of the Seven-Planet Week Although the names of the week used by modern languages dont refer to gods that modern people worship, the Roman names definitely did name the days after the celestial bodies associated with particular gods- and so did other ancient calendars. The modern seven-day week with days named after gods associated with celestial bodies, is likely to have originated in Mesopotamia between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE. The lunar-based Babylonian month had four seven-day periods, with one or two extra days to account for the movements of the moon. The seven days were (probably) named for the seven known major celestial bodies, or rather for their most important deities associated with those bodies. That calendar was communicated to the Hebrews during the Judean exile in Babylon (586–537 BCE), who were forced to use the imperial calendar of Nebuchadnezzar and adopted it for their own use after they returned to Jerusalem. Theres no direct evidence for the use of celestial bodies as name days in Babylonia- but there is in the Judean calendar. The seventh day is called Shabbat in the Hebrew bible- the Aramaic term is shabta and in English Sabbath. All of those terms are derived from the Babylonian word shabbatu, originally associated with the full moon. All of the Indo-European languages use some form of the word to refer to Saturday or Sunday; the Babylonian sun god was named Shamash. Planetary Gods Planet Babylonian Latin Greek Sanskrit Sun Shamash Sol Helios Surya, Aditya, Ravi Moon Sin Luna Selene Chandra, Soma Mars Nergal Mars Ares Angaraka, Mangala Mercury Nabu Mercurius Hermes Budh Jupiter Marduk Iupiter Zeus Brishaspati, Cura Venus Ishtar Venus Aphrodite Shukra Saturn Ninurta Saturnus Kronos Shani Adoption of the Seven Day Planetary Week The Greeks adopted the calendar from the Babylonians, but the rest of the Mediterranean region and beyond did not adopt the seven day week until the first century CE. That spread into the hinterlands of the Roman empire is attributed to the Jewish diaspora, when the Jewish people left Israel for the far-flung elements of the Roman empire after the Second Temple destruction in 70 CE. The Romans didnt borrow directly from the Babylonians, they emulated the Greeks, who did. Graffiti in Pompeii, destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE, includes references to the days of the week named by a planetary god. But in general, the seven-day  week  was not widely used until the Roman Emperor  Constantine the Great (306–337 CE) introduced the seven-day week into the Julian calendar. The early Christian church leaders were appalled at the use of pagan gods for names and did their best to replace them with numbers, but with no long-lasting success.   -Edited by Carly Silver Sources and Further Reading Falk, Michael. Astronomical Names for the Days of the Week. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 93:122–133Ker, James. Nundinae: The Culture of the Roman Week. Phoenix 64.3/4 (2010): 360–85. Print.MacMullen, Ramsay. Market-Days in the Roman Empire. Phoenix 24.4 (1970): 333–41. Print.Oppenheim, A. L. The Neo-Babylonian Week Again. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 97 (1945): 27–29. Print.Ross, Kelley. The Days of the Week. The Proceedings of the Friesian School, 2015.Stern, Sacha. The Babylonian Calendar at Elephantine. Zeitschrift fà ¼r Papyrologie und Epigraphik 130 (2000): 159–71. Print.