Monday, December 30, 2019

Feminism And Its Effect On Society - 946 Words

As stated before, America in the Reagan period was not comfortable with homosexuality, which resulted in denial about AIDS and in-turn general unawareness regarding the disease. At that time if a person was diagnosed with AIDS, they were automatically labelled as gay, despite the medical inaccuracy of that generalization. The discrimination was so strong, that AIDS became a part of the homosexual identity. There have been instances where a man, who identified as homosexual, was considered untouchable and automatically was assumed to have had AIDS or cases where patients diagnosed with AIDS were assumed to be gay. This ignorant perspective negatively branded the gay community, which caused homosexual men to feel as if they must repress their true selves in order to successfully function and fit into American society. A fact to be noted is that though Angels in America was written as a sort of advocacy for gay men, there is a clear presence of femininity that is important to discuss. Femininity is, by definition, the womanliness of something. This play challenges the meaning of femininity through its use of female characters and homosexual men. There is a distinction seldom made between what it means to be feminine as a woman and what it means to be feminine as a man. When a man is gay, stereotypes cause some to automatically assume that he possesses physicalities, and traits that are typically associated with females. This idea contrasted with Tony Kushner’s presentation ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Feminism on Society816 Words   |  3 PagesIn the average workplace, women earn 22% less salary than men regardless of their work ethic or what they have to offer to their employer (Lowen). Women around the world have been treated like they hold less significance to society dating back to the ancient Romans. This leads many to question: why does it matter now? In the ever growing and changing world known today women need to take a stand for what they are worth. Many of these strong willed women that are looking for change are leading charactersRead MoreFeminism And Its Effects On Society1173 Words   |  5 Pages For the past few decades, â€Å"feminism† has been portrayed as women who hate men and think all men are evil. True â€Å"feminists† define it as achieving equal political, economical, and social rights for women. Though more and more people are starting to realize the true meaning, its the negative assumptions that are stuck in people’s mind. The media is to blame for misguiding people because of these false accusations. Feminist still faced problems in today’s society. Many people are made to believe thatRead MoreFeminism And Its Effect On Society1509 Words   |  7 Pages In our modern society there is a word that can be said that can make grown men cringe and conservative parents worry and strike up discussions and debates anywhere you go. This word carries a lot of weight but is never quite taken seriously.The word is known by many people but not fully understood by the masses. The word being referred to is Feminism and it is phenomenon that has been around for years but has been spreading through people everywhere. Feminism is a movement created to help everyoneRead MoreFeminism : A Negative Effect On Society1608 Words   |  7 Pagesequality with men. They have been held back and their opportunities taken away from them because of the fact that they’re women. Feminism has had a profound negative effect in the past and is still having a negative effect in the high profile of modern society. Feminism is still as relevant today as it was when women were fighting for their right to vote. In modern society, women and men aren’t thought of equals, when compared to the strong, dominant male. Females are often thought of as inferior andRead MoreBlack Feminism : A Profound Effect On Society s History3616 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Black Feminism has proven to have a profound effect on society’s history, and is now beginning to impact even more this day and age. Black feminism is broader than what comes to mind. It is an essential component of black struggle against oppression and authority. Generally Black feminism is used to empower and liberate black women. Throughout the years many liberals have tried to exclude and silence black feminist. Black feminist have demanded for social, economic and political equalityRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism Movement Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Feminism Movement Abstract: The new media Internet, social media platforms, has been an increasingly popular tool for feminists to promote the feminism movement. With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectification. This paper reviews the research that has been done regarding the effect thatRead More Feminist Approaches to Social Work1641 Words   |  7 Pagessocial work in today’s society. It will first look at the different types of feminism that are present in society. It will then trace and highlight the emergence of feminism in society. This essay will then delve deeper into the different types of approaches that were taken on by feminists within the field of social work. It will discuss what effect these approaches had on society especially women. According to Hooks (2000) as cited in Considine and Dukelow (2009:141) â€Å"Feminism is a movement to endRead MoreThe Media Shape And Reinforce Feminism1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media Shape and Reinforce Feminism Why cannot female characters be stronger? The role of media is representing the social status that reflects the actual situation of the female in society’s different aspects. However, female characters do not have enough representation because males take most of the important roles in different kinds of media. Female characters are always represented as one-sided and more reliant on male characters. Even though there is a trend of misrepresentation of femalesRead MoreLiberal Feminism vs. Radical Feminism Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesLiberal Feminism and Radical Feminism The goal of feminism as both a social movement and political movement is to make women and men equal not only culturally, but socially and legally. Even though there are various types of feminism that focus on different goals and issues, the ultimate end to feminism is abolishing gender inequality that has negative effects on women in our society. The issues and goals that a feminist may have are dependent on the social organization or the type of economicRead MoreInstitutions Project1702 Words   |  7 PagesFor a very long time in the U.S. society, women of color have suffered too much oppression and discrimination from in many forms including on racial, class, and gender grounds. They have been subordinated, experience restricted participation in existing social institutions, and structurally placed in roles that have limited opportunities. Their congregation includes African Americans, the Asian Americans, the Latinas and others. There case has been made even worse by the fact that being a weaker

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Risk Assessment Of Information Systems Security Risks Essay

Information security professional’s job is to deploy the right safeguards, evaluating risks against critical assets and to mitigate those threats and vulnerabilities. Management can ensure their company’s assets, such as data, remain intact by finding the latest technology and implementing the right policies. Risk management focuses on analyzing risk and mitigating actions to reduce that risk. Successful implementation of security safeguards depends on the knowledge and experience of information security staff. This paper addresses the methods and fundamentals on how to systematically conduct risk assessments on the security risks of information systems. Keywords: Risk Management, Risk Analysis, NIST 800-39, NIST 800-30 How to Systematically Conduct Risk Assessment of Information System Security Risks – Fundamentals and Methods Good security management requires risk management to mitigate or reduce risk to an acceptable level within an organization. Securit y management’s objective is to protect the company and its assets. A proper risk analysis will identify the company’s major assets, threats that put those assets at risk, and estimate the possible damage and loss a company may endure if any of the threats were to become real. With a good risk analysis, management can determine the type of budget they want to set to mitigate threats. Risk analysis justifies the cost of the countermeasures against the threats and determines the benefit or worth of securityShow MoreRelatedRisk Assessment : An Essential Part Of A Risk Management Process1046 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The risk assessment is an essential part of a risk management process designed to provide appropriate levels of security for information systems. The assessment approach analyzes the relationships among assets, threats, vulnerabilities and other elements. Security risk assessment should be a continuous activity. Thus, a comprehensive enterprise security risk assessment should be conducted at least once every two years to explore the risks associated with the organization’s information systemsRead MoreManaging Information Security Risks: The Octave Approach1635 Words   |  6 PagesAlberts, C. Dorofee, A.(2003) Managing Information Security Risks: The OCTAVE Approach. New York: Addison Wesley. This work is a descriptive and yet process-oriented book on the concept of security risk assessment with a specific focus on new risk evaluation methodology, OCTAVE. The term OCTAVE is used to denote f Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation SM.It is important that organizations conduct a security risk evaluation in order for them to effectively evaluateRead MoreApproaches to Risk Analysis Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially an information security project, risk analysis is very important. Risk analysis, in the context of information security, is the process of assessing potential threats to an organization and the overall risk they pose to the continued operation of the organization. There are multiple approaches to risk analysis, and multitudes of literature have been published on the subject. In their paper published in 2012, Bhattacharjee and associates introduced two approaches to the risk assessment of an informationRead MoreSystem Analysis and Recommendation Report of Natividad Medical Center859 Words   |  3 PagesSystem analysis and recommendation report In this section, I present a system analysis and recommendation report on the Natividad Medical Centers Hospital Computer Information Systems (HCIS) network and its hospital-grade systems infrastructure and technology components. The system analysis report details the findings of the system analysis in the part of system vulnerability/risk assessment as a critical component of the security plan. Why the system vulnerability/risk assessment was carriedRead MoreSteps Within A Risk Assessment977 Words   |  4 PagesRisk assessment also known as risk analysis is the process of identifying information risks, estimating the potential loss for each risk to the organization, and prioritizing the information risks. As an example, U.S. NIST SP 800-30 rev.1 provides a general overview of steps within a risk assessment process. The steps are: - Step 1: Prepare for Assessment-An organization accomplishes this within the framing component of the risk management process. - Step 2: Conduct Assessment- - Step 3: CommunicateRead MoreRisk Assessment For Ba Continuum India Private Ltd1305 Words   |  6 Pages Risk Assessment for BA Continuum India Private Ltd. By Sravani Nandyala To Fulfill the Partial Requirements of ITC 6315, CRN 20283 Submitted to Prof. Jason Black Northeastern University – Collage of Professional Studies Abstract An extensive risk assessment for the company which I worked in India. This organization is a subsidiary of Bank of America. Majorly deals with the financial data of the customers. In this paper I would like to introduce a new approach to risk assessment for theRead MoreThe Basic Components Of A Public Key Infrastructure1107 Words   |  5 Pages. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) provides the framework services, technology, protocols, and standards that manage strong information security systems. Without a public key infrastructure, public key technology is not generally suitable for large-scale enterprise deployment. The purpose of a public-key infrastructure is to manage keys and certificates, which are used for documentation, entitlements, authentication, and confidentiality. Through managing keys and certificates, an organizationRead MoreSystem Security Controls : Table 1 System Compliance Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesSystem Security Controls Table 1 System Compliance NIST 800-53 Control Family Number Met / % Number Partially Met / % Number Not Met / % Number N/A / % Control of system and Information Access (AC) Training Awareness (AT) Audit Accountability (AU) Assessments of Security, Certification Accreditation (CA) Management of System Configurations (CM) Contingency Planning (CP) User Identification and Authentication (IA) Incident ResponseRead MoreRisk Analysis : The American Red Cross1743 Words   |  7 PagesRisk analysis is an integral part of data safety within an organization and the analysis is vital to the mission and success of an organization. Risk analysis is used â€Å"to identify threats and then provide recommendations to address these threats† (Taylor et al, 2006). Risk analysis encompasses not only the equipment and programs used in an organization but also covers the culture, managerial, and administrative processes to assure data security. A key factor in risk analysis is to have a goodRead MoreInformation System Risks1562 Words   |  7 PagesInformation System Risk Management Claudia I. Campos CJA 570 Cyber Crime and Information Systems Security July 5, 2010 Steven Bolt Abstract The realization of potential risks to an organizations information system has been increased in the past few years. The principles of risk management, vulnerabilities, internal threats, and external threats is the first step in determining which levels of security are necessary to protect and limit the risks to an organizations information system

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Wealth and Money Free Essays

string(38) " could not have grown so big so fast\." If you wanted to get rich, how would you do it? I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. That’s been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years. The word â€Å"startup† dates from the 1960s, but what happens in one is very similar to the venture-backed trading voyages of the Middle Ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Wealth and Money or any similar topic only for you Order Now Startups usually involve technology, so much so that the phrase â€Å"high-tech startup† is almost redundant. A startup is a small company that takes on a hard technical problem. Lots of people get rich knowing nothing more than that. You don’t have to know physics to be a good pitcher. But I think it could give you an edge to understand the underlying principles. Why do startups have to be small? Will a startup inevitably stop being a startup as it grows larger? And why do they so often work on developing new technology? Why are there so many startups selling new drugs or computer software, and none selling corn oil or laundry detergent? The Proposition Economically, you can think of a startup as a way to compress your whole working life into a few years. Instead of working at a low intensity for forty years, you work as hard as you possibly can for four. This pays especially well in technology, where you earn a premium for working fast. Here is a brief sketch of the economic proposition. If you’re a good hacker in your mid twenties, you can get a job paying about $80,000 per year. So on average such a hacker must be able to do at least $80,000 worth of work per year for the company just to break even. You could probably work twice as many hours as a corporate employee, and if you focus you can probably get three times as much done in an hour. 1] You should get another multiple of two, at least, by eliminating the drag of the pointy-haired middle manager who would be your boss in a big company. Then there is one more multiple: how much smarter are you than your job description expects you to be? Suppose another multiple of three. Combine all these multipliers, and I’m claiming you could be 36 times more productive than y ou’re expected to be in a random corporate job. [2] If a fairly good hacker is worth $80,000 a year at a big company, then a smart hacker working very hard without any corporate bullshit to slow him down should be able to do work worth about $3 million a year. Like all back-of-the-envelope calculations, this one has a lot of wiggle room. I wouldn’t try to defend the actual numbers. But I stand by the structure of the calculation. I’m not claiming the multiplier is precisely 36, but it is certainly more than 10, and probably rarely as high as 100. If $3 million a year seems high, remember that we’re talking about the limit case: the case where you not only have zero leisure time but indeed work so hard that you endanger your health. Startups are not magic. They don’t change the laws of wealth creation. They just represent a point at the far end of the curve. There is a conservation law at work here: if you want to make a million dollars, you have to endure a million dollars’ worth of pain. For example, one way to make a million dollars would be to work for the Post Office your whole life, and save every penny of your salary. Imagine the stress of working for the Post Office for fifty years. In a startup you compress all this stress into three or four years. You do tend to get a certain bulk discount if you buy the economy-size pain, but you can’t evade the fundamental conservation law. If starting a startup were easy, everyone would do it. Millions, not Billions If $3 million a year seems high to some people, it will seem low to others. Three million? How do I get to be a billionaire, like Bill Gates? So let’s get Bill Gates out of the way right now. It’s not a good idea to use famous rich people as examples, because the press only write about the very richest, and these tend to be outliers. Bill Gates is a smart, determined, and hardworking man, but you need more than that to make as much money as he has. You also need to be very lucky. There is a large random factor in the success of any company. So the guys you end up reading about in the papers are the ones who are very smart, totally dedicated, and win the lottery. Certainly Bill is smart and dedicated, but Microsoft also happens to have been the beneficiary of one of the most spectacular blunders in the history of business: the licensing deal for DOS. No doubt Bill did everything he could to steer IBM into making that blunder, and he has done an excellent job of exploiting it, but if there had been one person with a brain on IBM’s side, Microsoft’s future would have been very different. Microsoft at that stage had little leverage over IBM. They were effectively a component supplier. If IBM had required an exclusive license, as they should have, Microsoft would still have signed the deal. It would still have meant a lot of money for them, and IBM could easily have gotten an operating system elsewhere. Instead IBM ended up using all its power in the market to give Microsoft control of the PC standard. From that point, all Microsoft had to do was execute. They never had to bet the company on a bold decision. All they had to do was play hardball with licensees and copy more innovative products reasonably promptly. If IBM hadn’t made this mistake, Microsoft would still have been a successful company, but it could not have grown so big so fast. You read "Wealth and Money" in category "Papers" Bill Gates would be rich, but he’d be somewhere near the bottom of the Forbes 400 with the other guys his age. There are a lot of ways to get rich, and this essay is about only one of them. This essay is about how to make money by creating wealth and getting paid for it. There are plenty of other ways to get money, including chance, speculation, marriage, inheritance, theft, extortion, fraud, monopoly, graft, lobbying, counterfeiting, and prospecting. Most of the greatest fortunes have probably involved several of these. The advantage of creating wealth, as a way to get rich, is not just that it’s more legitimate (many of the other methods are now illegal) but that it’s more straightforward. You just have to do something people want. Money Is Not Wealth If you want to create wealth, it will help to understand what it is. Wealth is not the same thing as money. [3] Wealth is as old as human history. Far older, in fact; ants have wealth. Money is a comparatively recent invention. Wealth is the fundamental thing. Wealth is stuff we want: food, clothes, houses, cars, gadgets, travel to interesting places, and so on. You can have wealth without having money. If you had a magic machine that could on command make you a car or cook you dinner or do your laundry, or do anything else you wanted, you wouldn’t need money. Whereas if you were in the middle of Antarctica, where there is nothing to buy, it wouldn’t matter how much money you had. Wealth is what you want, not money. But if wealth is the important thing, why does everyone talk about making money? It is a kind of shorthand: money is a way of moving wealth, and in practice they are usually interchangeable. But they are not the same thing, and unless you plan to get rich by counterfeiting, talking about making money can make it harder to understand how to make money. Money is a side effect of specialization. In a specialized society, most of the things you need, you can’t make for yourself. If you want a potato or a pencil or a place to live, you have to get it from someone else. How do you get the person who grows the potatoes to give you some? By giving him something he wants in return. But you can’t get very far by trading things directly with the people who need them. If you make violins, and none of the local farmers wants one, how will you eat? The solution societies find, as they get more specialized, is to make the trade into a two-step process. Instead of trading violins directly for potatoes, you trade violins for, say, silver, which you can then trade again for anything else you need. The intermediate stuff– the medium of exchange– can be anything that’s rare and portable. Historically metals have been the most common, but recently we’ve been using a medium of exchange, called the dollar, that doesn’t physically exist. It works as a medium of exchange, however, because its rarity is guaranteed by the U. S. Government. The advantage of a medium of exchange is that it makes trade work. The disadvantage is that it tends to obscure what trade really means. People think that what a business does is make money. But money is just the intermediate stage– just a shorthand– for whatever people want. What most businesses really do is make wealth. They do something people want. [4] The Pie Fallacy A surprising number of people retain from childhood the idea that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world. There is, in any normal family, a fixed amount of money at any moment. But that’s not the same thing. When wealth is talked about in this context, it is often described as a pie. â€Å"You can’t make the pie larger,† say politicians. When you’re talking about the amount of money in one family’s bank account, or the amount available to a government from one year’s tax revenue, this is true. If one person gets more, someone else has to get less. I can remember believing, as a child, that if a few rich people had all the money, it left less for everyone else. Many people seem to continue to believe something like this well into adulthood. This fallacy is usually there in the background when you hear someone talking about how x percent of the population have y percent of the wealth. If you plan to start a startup, then whether you realize it or not, you’re planning to disprove the Pie Fallacy. What leads people astray here is the abstraction of money. Money is not wealth. It’s just something we use to move wealth around. So although there may be, in certain specific moments (like your family, this month) a fixed amount of money available to trade with other people for things you want, there is not a fixed amount of wealth in the world. You can make more wealth. Wealth has been getting created and destroyed (but on balance, created) for all of human history. Suppose you own a beat-up old car. Instead of sitting on your butt next summer, you could spend the time restoring your car to pristine condition. In doing so you create wealth. The world is– and you specifically are– one pristine old car the richer. And not just in some metaphorical way. If you sell your car, you’ll get more for it. In restoring your old car you have made yourself richer. You haven’t made anyone else poorer. So there is obviously not a fixed pie. And in fact, when you look at it this way, you wonder why anyone would think there was. [5] Kids know, without knowing they know, that they can create wealth. If you need to give someone a present and don’t have any money, you make one. But kids are so bad at making things that they consider home-made presents to be a distinct, inferior, sort of thing to store-bought ones– a mere expression of the proverbial thought that counts. And indeed, the lumpy ashtrays we made for our parents did not have much of a resale market. How to cite Wealth and Money, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

deforestation Essay Example For Students

deforestation Essay The Standard in Streaming Digital Video QuickTime is Apples award-winning, industry-standard, software architecture for creating, playing and streaming digital media for Mac OS and Windows. With QuickTime 4.1.2, it is easier than ever to work with video, animation, sound, music, text, pictures, interactive images, and 3D graphics. Windows System Requirements QuickTime 4. Although staples like food and water are a problem in them selves, large-scale logging brought deforestation to the forefront. The World Rainforest Movement suggests that Western Europe, for example, has lost over 70 percent of its forests since Roman times and argues that fully one-third of temperate broadleaved forests have been lost since the dawn of agriculture (Elliott, 1998). In 1901 President Theodore Roosevelt along with Gifford Pinchot and John Muir wrote the first pages of modern environmental history in the United States by moving environmental conservation to the center of national agenda and declaring public primacy over the nations resources (Shabecoff, 1993). In 1933 President Franklin Roosevelt shored up his cousins beliefs in the environment by including major conservation programs and projects such as The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Soil Conservation Service, and the Tennessee Valley Authority into his New Deal reforms (Theodore, Theodore 1996). The Presidents Commission on Materials Policy in 1952 estimated that 90 percent of the virgin timber in the U.S. commercial forests had been cut, that reforestation had not kept pace, and that the current rate of annual use was 40 percent greater than the growth rate of replacement timber thus placing the American timber market in imminent danger (Andrews, 1999). In 1970 President Richard Nixon signed one of our nations greatest environmental legislative acts called the National Environmental Policy Act, which required the federal government to analyze and report on environmental impacts through several new organizations such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (Theodore, Theodore, 1996). If people do not move forward and realize the inherent dangers that large-scale deforestation has on our environment than there may be no hope for future generations. Although America has begun to place restrictions on various environmental issues such as logging and pollution much more needs to be done. Deforestation Present In todays society environmentalists are lobbing even harder than ever before. Partially because of the legislative backpedaling that occurred under the Reagan and Bush administrations and partly because of the wider public interest in environmental protection and recycling. The public and environmentalists are realizing that deforestation is taking their tolls in more ways than ever before. With the reduction of 70 percent of the worlds forests since the thirteenth century the effects have been linked to such things as mass soil erosion, substantial growth in desert and aired lands, as well as global warming. Although many environmentalists are making headway the battle seems at times pointless. Countries such as Japan, China and Vietnam as well as large conglomerate corporations including American owned companies do not share the same view as the environmentalists. In 1994 Japan obtained cutting rights to 1.5 million acres of dense timberland in Borneo alone (Wagner, 1998). THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN: A PORTRAIT OF Essay Deforestation is second only to the burning of fossil fuels as a human source of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Almost all carbon releases from deforestation originate in the tropics. Global estimates of the amount of carbon given off annually by deforestation is 2.8 billion metric tons. Deforestation accounts for about 33% of the annual emissions of carbon dioxide by humans. In 1987 11 countries were responsible for about 82% of this net carbon release: Brazil, Indonesia, Colombia, Cote dIvoire, Thailand, Laos, Nigeria, Vietnam, Philippines, Myanmar and India. During 1987 when there was intense land clearing by fire in Brazils Amazon, more than 1.2 million metric tons of carbon are believed to have been released. To save our .

Thursday, November 28, 2019

The end of the free market

Introduction Having experience in the political and economic fields for many years, Ian Bremmer can be considered to have strong evidence in his extensive research on global economy. In this book, he tries to address the current economic crisis by answering questions such as; can state capitalist compete with free market? Does capitalism still exist or is it going to extinct? Are we still in an economic cold war? His key players are the Men and women who govern Russia, China, Arab, and the United States (Bremmer IV).Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The end of the free market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More About the book In the first half, the writer is devoted to explain what capitalism is. He describes the birth of capitalism as a replacement of fallen communism regimes of China and Russia. He discusses how today this model has become an attractive package to countries such as China, Russia, US, Saudi Ar abia, Algeria, Ukraine, India, and the United Arab Emirates. The second half gives a detailed support and effects of state capitalism on market economies. Although he really convinces the reader that he is not against state capitalism, he actually cautions about it. According to Bremmer, the power in politics controls this type of economy. Instead of formulation of policies that are based on the needs of the people, the decisions are approved and implemented politically. Recommendations Overall, Bremmer’s engagement is excellent. He is clear on his advantages and disadvantages of state capitalism and creates a good understanding of world politics. From a review, the test rating and analysis of this book can be addressed by the following recommendations. The book can be highly recommendable to even persons without knowledge about economies .Ian’s coverage is realistic, simple, broad, lucid, and well judged. The book does not leave behind any unanswered questions on glob alization. Its briefing is excellent and narrates the sequence of events from the rise and fall of communism to the effects of capitalism. According to Bremmer, capitalism is a disguised monster in the free markets whose goal is to have political gain. He argues that the cause of all these selfish gains is globalization that acts as a catalyst to international politics and markets. He notes that capitalization has different forms distinguished by their own interests and the degree of government support. First, he talks about the free market capitalism (Bremmer 13). In this type of economy, involved parties use wealth to build more wealth. The state enables generation of wealth through enacting contracts that are limited to moral weaknesses. In contrast, he talks about the state capitalist economies. This type of regime is dominated by politics and the choice of the principal consumer.Advertising Looking for book review on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get y our first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Book report With the fall of the soviets in the nineties, political and economic analyst proclaimed victory over communism to create a new free market economy. However, Bremmer admits that no liberation has followed yet. It is just that the system has incanted. Capitalism is not new in the world as admitted by Bremmer and traces its root back to 1896.He references this year from the speech made by Wilhelm Liebknecht, the leader of the social democratic party in Germany. He looks upon the state capitalism as an extremely huge threat to the economy of the United States. This is one point that we can all agree on. Notably, there is a huge similarity between what the writer tries to explain as state capitalism and the history of the US economy. Nevertheless, does it mean the US government grew out of selfishness and greed? Many tend to oppose this but it is what Bremmer is trying to explain. Countries that used state capitalism take up th e larger section of the pie in the global market. Among them are the European Union and the US. According to Bremmers report, they actively applied state capitalism during their development. The approach is a real threat to the global economy since it is really making the extinction of free market policies (Bremmer 54). However, the political greed of these governments has left the citizens of the countries at the mercy of international investors. Bremmer goes ahead to show how wide capitalism is. All that makes it take different forms is the degree of government involvement. Other forms include the free market capitalism, mixed economy, and the social market economy. To expound on his research, Ian points out Adam smith who is the man behind the development of capitalism in the world. According to Adams, in pure capitalism, everyone does what is best for him or her.The government too minds its own business and never enforces laws. He compares it with a football game that has no ref eree or a game with players playing with no specific goal. Adams creates the theory of the ‘invisible hand’ to explain the balancing force in economies. In reference to the theory, the hand is operational. No interference from the government and leaves it to the market to take its own decisions in the free market system. Bremmer sees this as a potential threat not just to his government but also to the world. However, his exceptions to this threat are given for India, China, and Russia (Bremmer 103). However much Bremmer confesses not to be against state capitalism, his opinions about this kind of economy is very negative through out the chapters. He reflects this type of economy as a project whose goal is to have selfish gains. Here the ‘invisible hand’ is the government and takes control of all economic activities and only few returns are made. Bremmer describes it as â€Å"various types of state owned companies are incorporated by the government to mana ge the resources, create, and maintain jobs.†Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The end of the free market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the secret behind this selection is that the chosen companies are privately owned companies. These privately owned companies dominate the economic sectors. In all the above situations, the state uses markets to deliver wealth to the political officials. Moreover, their mission is not seen as to maximize growth, but to use state crown jewels to maximize power and chances of survival in the leadership positions that they take. We could comment that this book is carefully written in an effort to inform us on the existence of another category of communism that is evolving in the third category. Despite the effects of cold war being experienced 20 years ago, Bremmer still thinks that we are unfortunate when we face the same, but in a manner that very few can fe el or witness. He goes ahead to put down quotes such as the Wen Jiabao quote from a CNN interview. Wen illustrates that â€Å"the formulation of economic policies can only be derived by having a fair and full play to the forces that control the market.† Moreover, government regulation and macroeconomic guidance should act as the key players in resource allocation. On the contrary, the main agenda for most of the state controls is to create political power through exploitation of economic resources. However, do not misjudge the author of this book; his main agenda is not to oppose state capitalism. For instance, he commends China and Russia for presenting their policies in a transparent manner. All that Bremmer wants is simply to show the weaknesses and strengths of this type of economy and its effects on us. He warns on embracing imported elements of the economy saying that capitalism is unique and ought to be governed by the particular resources and needs of the specific cou ntry. The workforce in China is well developed. On the contrary, Russia is rich in natural resource, which gives it an added advantage. The Middle East is really blessed with oil though the country is challenged by demographics. Bremmer has a major concern over China as he continually mentions of its economic status. This book makes sense to China’s economy and the dominance of state capitalism. For instance, it is not until you go over the book that you realize that Exxon Mobil is the 15th in revenues. Top multinationals account for just 3% of reserves and 10% of the global revenue, the rest is driven by the state. The China-US trade has drastically increased from 2.4 billion USD to 400 billion USD in the year 2008 alone. This was the year that China had more than 200 billion dollars in form of investments under the sovereign funds. This is depicted in an interview with China’s finance president, Gao Xiqing. He portrays China and Russia as the leading practitioners ha ving abandoned communism.Advertising Looking for book review on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He commends China by depicting how powerful it is and capable of controlling the worlds economy. This is because they repaired what was in the state capitalism in accordance with the new era. However, their failure is only in the usage of money. They earn very much on exports compared to the US, but put very little in economic development. Much is returned back to the US in form of purchases of sovereign funds. China would be far much ahead if it focused on economic development rather than investment if they wanted to. However, what would happen to the US if China stopped these investments? Infusion of earnings in exports would lead to inflation, the reason why China has to balance its markets and income. Bremmer gives an example of Greece financial crises. He adds that these China policies were intelligently selected since the purchase of these sovereign wealth funds acts as an economic back up in times of crisis. China does not have to apply for the monetary funds. Diverting from state capitalism is the mercantilism. People tend to confuse this type of economy with state capitalism. However, Bremmer argues that it is completely different from the rest. Their policies tend to rhyme, but what differs is the financial interest. Mercantilism protects its citizens from international exploitation by controlling imports. The interest of this type of economy is to make riches and rule the world. China would be a mercantilist country if it were selfish in sharing its surplus finance with other economies. If all these finances went to the improvement of the economy, China would be today a mercantilist country. However, China does not do that. In spite of being ranked as the top in terms of economic status, it has an average of about 5,000 USD as compared to the US, which has over 40,000 USD in terms of employee salary. It is very ironical for a US citizen to think of living in an economy that resembles state capitalism and that they are putting to an end the free mark et economy. However, this is the major concern of mister Bremmer. As the title suggest, the writer thinks that the free market is ending. In a report revealed by Bremmer in 2005 alone, corporations were the largest forms of economies, taking top 51. The report had General Motor of Denmark taking on the lead and Mitsubishi dominating over in Indonesia. Here comes China with its purchase of sovereign wealth funds and owning corporations in large-numbers. There is the emergence of multinationals, which exploit citizens. The chain continues to a point where a foreign country can own almost up to half of another in terms of investment. This is how easy a state can dominate the whole world and many thought that they were joking when they commented that they were ‘taking over the world.’ The writer completely disagrees with these corporations. His reasons are that they have a hidden agenda, which is greed and ruthlessness. They tend to widen the gap between the poor and the ri ch, drive infant industries into extinction and give room for exploitation by limiting competition. Bremmer talks of immigration and its effects. He comments that this is what has made some of the countries rich. They draw knowledge from American to levels as high as PhD, utilize the American resources, and take back to their countries. However, this idea is not that much convincing because if we took the example of China, US still needs cheap China goods whereas China needs the US for educational resources. What if we have a mixture of state capitalism and free market economy? It can be practically applicable only in situations where private owners own free corporations while the government is in control. The ‘invisible hand’ would balance everything automatically and bring out a balanced economy. Throat competition among countries and corporations would be cut down .Exports and imports would be balanced without any underflow or overflow. This system appears ideal, but may be this is what Bremmer believed and would want to see. Other recommendations that Bremmer gives are; be friendly to foreign workers, choose the right fights, keep markets open, and investment in hard power. Conclusion In conclusion, we can say that this book is a professional guidebook that leaves the reader informed about real economic facts. The writer presents a wide history on capitalism and its influence on the free market, offering examples from different regimes in the world. His chapters are supported by strong evidence revealing the negativity of regulated free markets in the name of state capitalism. There are also clear economic procedures and solutions in which the United States can live in harmony with the rest of the world and still defend its future competitive advantage. However, it is important to recommend capitalism because this has been the root of development in most countries. This just how brief the book is though not very exciting to read, one can easil y connect ideas. Works Cited Bremmer Ian. The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations? New York, NY: Penguin Books Limited, 2011. Print. This book review on The end of the free market was written and submitted by user Layla Russo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Serial Killers Essay Example

Serial Killers Essay Example Serial Killers Paper Serial Killers Paper Michaud, in â€Å"The Hollow Men’, states that 1999 was the year of the murderous moral imbeciles, with the likes of Killer kids, the janitor at Yosemite, the ‘Railway Killer’ Angel Maturino Resendez, Mark Barton, and the deranged bigot Buford Furrow, to name a few. I say a few because, there remains an undisclosed number of cases still to be zeroed in.   The name of Ted Bundy stands well above the rest. A handsome, well educated psychopathic law student, Bundy would stalk young women; win their confidence, before murdering them (Michaud, 2007).Though many revelations have elucidated serial killers as habitual or addicted murderers, who show no remorse to refrain from indulging in their sadistic rites, there have been cases of some psychopaths refraining from their continued activities approach the police and confess their deeds. The mental state of these serial killers is quite intricate and psychologists work continuously in an effort to reveal this mystery.D rug abuse, diminished mental state, personal tragedy, and the likes are causes attributed to such behavior. The law has been constantly working overtime to bring as many sinister offenders to book and their efforts are beginning to show. The number of related cases has shown a marked decrease, yet there remain a number of files, that has accumulated dust over the years.The Serial Killer-An AnalysisSerial Killers use various techniques to kill their victim. Clubbing, stabbing, and strangulating are common methods used to kill their victims, some just butcher their unsuspecting victims. The motive and sadism were also quite different for each one of them. Mike DeBardeleben, a sexual sadist said that he found no greater power over another person than inflicting pain on his victims, mostly women.â€Å"To force her to undergo suffering without her being able to defend herself thrilled me. The pleasure in the constant domination over another person is the very essence of the sadistic dri ve† (Michaud, 2007).Ted Bunty was a very bright and handsome person. For this reason, he could attract women without much trouble. This, he used to his advantage in luring women to him. He would pick up young college women who looked quite similar to the young woman who broke off her relationship with him. What led this innocent-looking well-mannered psychopath to commit such heinous crimes?Just before his execution, Ted Bundy granted an interview to psychologist James Dobson. He was executed on January 24, 1989. In that interview, he described the agony of his addiction to pornography. When he was thirteen years old, Bunty came across a few dirty magazines near his home. He took an instant liking to it. This made him seek more magazines and hire videos that showed violent images of women having sex. Gradually, he experienced deep pleasure in seeing women being tortured and murdered. His addiction to sex and violence grew and this fueled the terrible crimes he committed (Dobso n, 1995).He was a very clever killer, using his countenance and skills to perfect alibi. He would fake a broken arm in a sling to convince young women to help him carry his textbooks to his car. Once in his comfort zone, he would batter them with a baseball bat and take away to secluded placed for his ghoulish rituals.In his interview to Dr. James Dobson, he related his actions to kill to, â€Å"a compulsion, a building up of destructive energy.† Alcohol also was a factor that made him act this way, he said. â€Å"In conjunction with my exposure to pornography, alcohol reduced my inhibitions and pornography eroded them further† (Dobson, 1995).â€Å"The F.B.I.’s own study on serial homicide shows that the most common interest among serial killers is pornographers. It’s true† (Ted Bundy in an interview to Dr. James Dobson).According to Ted Bunty, the initial sexual encounter that he had with his victims was more or less voluntary, as the victim would sense danger if otherwise. However, such sexual overtures did not satisfy the full spectrum of desires that he intended. The helpless, motionless victim would re-kindle his desire to ‘possess’ her. He would abuse the victim before strangulating her. The word, possess, is central to all his crimes and this distinguishes him from other criminals, deviant or otherwise.Bundy desired a lifeless female form; comatose or dead. Possession meant a lot to him. Just before his execution, he admitted to keeping some of his victims in such a state for hours or days before disposing of them. He buried most of his victims in shallow woodland graves, only to revisit them often. So possessed was he of his victims that it was found that one of his victims was found in the frozen mountains of Utah in a post-mortem shampoo state, and another was found with fresh application of make-up before being discarded. â€Å"If youve got time, they can be anyone you want them to be,† he told FBI agent Bill Hagmaier.â€Å"Murder isnt just a crime of lust or violence. It becomes possession. They are part of you You feel the last bit of breath leaving their bodies Youre looking into their eyes A person in that situation is God!† (As told to Bill Hagmaier by Bunty in an interview in the 80s)On January 15, 1978, Lisa Levy and Martha Bowman were mercilessly raped and later clubbed to death by Bunty. Lisa Levy was raped, strangled, and beaten on the head, while Bowman was strangled with a pair of pantyhose and severely beaten on the head.  Neither had struggled. Bunty had taken his weapon with him so that no evidence was left at the crime scene. Police searched for clues, apart from the description given by Nita Neary, who saw a stranger run away from the scene of the crime. They found some blood smudges, a few print smudges, and sperm samples, but none of them could be linked to the killer. It was only a piece of evidence that became the centerpiece during the tri al: an odd bite mark on the left buttock of Lisa Levy.  Ted Bunty was very severe on his victims, getting thrills at seeing his victims suffer physically. In his act of perversion, Bunty had bitten Lisa on her breasts and buttock. The bitten mark on her breast was of less impression than the one on her buttock. During trial, the state called Dr. Lowell Levine, the chief consultant in forensic dentistry to New York Citys Medical Examiner.  He testified that the victim had to be lying passive for the marks to be left as they were, and also pointed out that odontology had a longer legal history than most people realized. For Bunty, he was known to be possessive of his victims, and he could have done this damage after immobilizing Lisa. The counter was perfect and impressive for a witness.Along with the eyewitness testimony of Nita Neary, this evidence was good enough.   Bundy was found guilty and sentenced to die in the electric chair.   This was the first case in Floridas lega l history that relied on bite-mark testimony, and the first time that a physical piece of evidence was linked to Bundy (Ramsland, 2007).Resendez is another serial killer who is sexually motivated. He was charged with killing as many as nine women in four different states, and of rape of another. There is also word that Resendez was known to have had sex with one of his victims even after murder. In almost all cases, there is a strong bond between sex and murder. Are the words of Ted Bunty true in connecting sex to murder? Cary Stayner is another who is accused of brutally dispatching four females at Yosemite, two by strangulation and two by slitting their throats, decapitating one, and nearly decapitating the other (Michaud, 2007).Forensic psychiatrist Park Elliott Dietz of Newport Beach, California, says that most mass murders are committed by the depressed and the paranoid, who see themselves as the deliverer of good, angrily lashing out at a world they fear and hate.Roy Hazelwood spoke of Harvey Glatman, the Lonely Hearts Killer of the 1950s. According to Hazelwood, Glatman, who was executed in 1959, would incapacitate his victims in their apartments, then bind and transport them out into the desert, where he would finally kill them. â€Å"He could have raped and killed these women in their apartments; instead, he kept them alive at increased risk to himself. He enjoyed the thrill of knowing the risk he took by keeping his victims alive for so long,† said Hazelwood. Glatman enjoyed the power to possess and the power to destroy (Michaud, 2007).

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Struggles inside the queer community and related struggles in a larger Essay

Struggles inside the queer community and related struggles in a larger society - Essay Example This "misunderstanding ourselves" is necessary to really know what we think of ourselves rather assuming what we are compelled to think by the community. This urge to know ourselves lead to struggle within and resultantly in the community we are living in. The feeling of being "furthest from oneself" leads a person to new grounds which are taboo for the community. Homosexuality is one of such grounds. "Attitudes toward homosexuality are generally in flux, partially as a result of increased political activism and efforts by homosexuals to be seen not as aberrant personalities but as differing from "normal" individuals only in their sexual orientation." (Encyclopedia Britanica, 2007) Still the comfort with which queers would like to move in most of the societies is a far fetched dream. When a queer is subjected to opposition from the community he balks under the pressure and either forfeit his inner desires or tailor them accordingly. Myers compare this with Foucault's concept of reverse discourse and says "the regulation of homosexuality has provoked unanticipated responses and counter representations, unforeseen pictures of difference and self conscious staging of deviance" (Myer 10) Therefore, queers are depicted as someone "different" and due to such an identity most of them tried to deviate from their inner call and join back in the main stream of community.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Weather, Hurricanes, & Solar Radiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Weather, Hurricanes, & Solar Radiation - Essay Example There are hurricanes that first appear on June or July and that means they will stay a little longer than those hurricanes that appear in August (Elsner, 2009, p. 61). Generation of hurricanes begins to cool with the cooling of the water in late autumn. At this time, the weather pattern fails to favor the development of tropical development. North Atlantic seasonal cycle pronounces its peak activity during August and September where only 17 percent of activity happens beyond the three months duration of august to October (Elsner, 2009, p. 65). The examination of North Atlantic took into account the mean number of for all hurricanes in a year’s time and for total. North Atlantic experienced hurricanes every season due to the presence of the budget heat and seasonality effects. Budget heat effects influence the hurricanes to occur mostly from June through to December. During this time, there is perfect balancing of heat that earth absorbs inform of radiation. If this absorption did not occur, then the earth would have extremely high or low temperatures. The seasonal variability has many, but important parameters associated with the North Atlantic Hurricanes. One such parameter is the El Nino that is helpful in determining, through analysis, whether the season would be active. El Nino takes into account a number of atmospheric variables. El Nino has a characteristic of warm sea temperatures on the surface especially over the equatorial pacific. The temperature relates to westerly winds of up to 200-millibar on the sea. The El Nino also has a link with the Caribbean surface pressure and the western Atlantic. When El-Nià ±o occurs, stronger Westerlies bring fourth fleeing over the hurricane producing areas of the western Atlantic as well as generating higher surface pressure. These occurrences suppress the hurricane development especially if it occurs earlier than October to November. El Nino southern oscillation, therefore, plays a vital role in

Monday, November 18, 2019

Manufacturing and Production Enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manufacturing and Production Enterprises - Essay Example CIM is the core avenue towards realization of success in U.S manufacturing. It involves integration of all components that are essential in production process and is a unifying factor of basic functional areas of manufacturing firms. It integrates design, production and management ensuring effective and quality production (Markert & Backer, 2009). Obstacles preventing high velocity in production such as complex setups, poor physical flow, excess material handling and interruptions in production process have been resolved by adopting lean manufacturing. Lean manufacturing simultaneously integrates the various aspects of product design, development and production. Just –in-time (JIT) has facilitated reduction of cost, production of high quality products and on-time production through, minimization of idle facilities, equipment’s or workers. Its main emphasis is having the right part, at right time, in the right quantities in manufacturing area (Markert & Backer, 2009). Many organizations have also undergone restructuring to reduce managerial layers and increase profits. This has put more decision making and responsibilities to line managers and the assembly line workers. Companies are adopting supply- chain management, which makes significant changes in the way a particular product is produced. As a result, dependence on external suppliers and outsourcing has increased helping organizations manage inventory and maximize production (Markert & Backer, 2009). Organizations have been struggling with cost especially the cost of material handling. Material requirement planning (MRP) is one technique that helps firm plan future purchase orders and production lots according to the required material to complete a production schedule. Intensive global competetion is a key driver of the ongoing trend of strategic implementation of

Friday, November 15, 2019

Measures of Dispersion

Measures of Dispersion Summary The measure of central tendency, as discussed in the previous chapter tells us only about the characteristics of a particular series. They do not describe any thing on the observations or data entirely. In other wards, measures of central tendency do not tell any thing about the variations that exist in the data of a particular series. To make the concept, let discuss an example. It was found by using formula of mean that the average depth of a river is 6 feet. One cannot confidently enter into the river because in some places the depth may be 12 feet or it may have 3 feet. Thus this type of interpretation by using the measures of central tendency some times proves to be useless. Hence the measure of central tendency alone to measure the characteristics of a series of observations is not sufficient to draw a valid conclusion. With the central value one must know as to how the data is distributed. Different sets of data may have the same measures of central tendency but differ greatly in terms of variation. For this knowledge of central value is not enough to appreciate the nature of distribution of values. Thus there is the requirement of some additional measures along with the measures of central tendency which will describe the spread of the entire set of values along with the central value. One such measure is popularly called as dispersion or variation. The study of dispersion will enables us to know whether a series is homogeneous (where all the observations remains around the central value) or the observations is heterogeneous (there will be variations in the observations around the central value like 1, 50, 20, 28 etc., where the central value is 33). Hence it can be said that a measure of dispersion describes the spread or scattering of the individual values of a series around its central value. Experts opine different opinion on why the variations in a distribution are so important to consider? Following are some views on validity of the measure of dispersion: Measures of variation provide the researchers some additional information about the behaviour of the series along with the measures of central tendency. With this information one can judge the reliability of the value that is derived by using the measure of central tendency. If the data of the series are widely dispersed, the central location is less representatives of the data as a whole. On the other hand, when the data of a series is less dispersed, the central location is more representative to the entire series. In other wards, a high degree of variation would mean little uniformity whereas a low degree of variation would mean greater uniformity. When the data of a series are widely dispersed, it creates practical problems in executing data. Measure of dispersion helps in understanding and tackling the widely dispersed data. It facilitates to determine the nature and cause of variation in order to control the variation itself. Measures of variation enable comparison to be made of two or more series with regard to their variability. DEFINITION: Following are some definitions defined by different experts on measures of dispersion. L.R. Connor defines measures of dispersion as ‘dispersion is the measure extended to which individual items vary. Similarly, Brookes and Dick opines it as ‘dispersion or spread is the degree of the scatter or the variation of the variables about a central value. Robert H. Wessel defines it as ‘measures which indicate the spread of the values are called measures of dispersion. From all these definition it is clear that dispersion measures more or less describes the spread or scattering of the individual values of a series around its central value. METHODS OF MEASURING DISPERSION: Dispersion of a series of data can be calculated by using following four widely used methods Dispersion when measured on basis of the difference between two extreme values selected from a series of data. The two well known measures are The Range The Inter-quartile Range or Quartile Deviation Dispersion when measured on basis of average deviation from some measure of central tendency. The well known measures are The Mean/average deviation The Standard Deviation and The Coefficient of variation and The Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve All the tools are discussed in details below one after the other. THE RANGE: The range is the simplest measure of the dispersion. The range is defined as the difference between the highest value and the lowest value of the series. Range as a measure of variation is having limited applicability. It is widely used for weather forecasting by the meteorological departments. It also used in statistical quality control. Range is a good indicator to measure the fluctuations in price change like that of studying the variations in the price of shares and debentures and other related matters. Following is the procedure of calculating range: Range= value of the highest observation (H) – value of the lowest observation (L) or Range = H – L Advantages of Range: Range is the simplest of obtaining dispersion. It is easily understandable and can be interpreted easily. It requires fewer times to obtain the variation in the series. Disadvantages of Range: As it considers only two extreme values, hence it doesnt include all the observations of the series. It fails to tell any thing about the characteristics of a distribution It is having very limited scope of applicability Having no mathematical treatment THE INTER-QUARTILE RANGE OR QUARTILE DEVIATION: A second measure of dispersion is the inter-quartile range which takes into account the middle half i.e., 50% of the data thus, avoiding the problem of extreme values in the data. Hence it measures approximately how far from the median one must go on either side before it can be include one-half the values of the data set. Inter-quartile range can be calculated by dividing the series of observations into four parts; each part of the series contains 25 percent of the observations. The quartiles are then the highest values in each of these four parts, and the inter-quartile range is the difference between the values of the first and the third quartile. Following are the steps of calculating the inter-quartile range: Arrange the data of the series in ascending order. Calculate the first quartile which is denoted as (Q1) by using the formula In case of grouped data the first quartile (Q1) can be calculated by using the formula Where N= number of observations in the series i.e., the sum of frequencies, L = lower limit of the quartile class, p.c.f. = commutative frequency prior to the quartile class, f = frequency of the quartile class and i = class interval. Quartile class can be determined by using the formula. Calculate the third quartile which is denoted as (Q3) by using the formula in case of ungrouped data. In case of grouped data the third quartile (Q3) can be calculated by using the formula Where N= number of observations in the series i.e., the sum of frequencies, L = lower limit of the quartile class, p.c.f. = commutative frequency prior to the quartile class, f = frequency of the quartile class and i = class interval. Quartile class can be determined by using the formula. THE MEAN/AVERAGE DEVIATION: Mean/average deviation is the arithmetic mean of the difference of a series computed from any measure of central tendency i.e., either deviation from mean or median or mode. The absolute values of each observation are calculated. Clark and Schekade opine mean deviation or average deviations as the average amount of scatter of the items in a distribution from either the mean or the median, ignoring the signs of the deviations. Thus the average that is taken of scatter is an arithmetic mean, which accounts for the fact that this measure is often called as mean deviation or average deviations. Calculations of Mean Deviation in case of Discrete Series: In case of discrete series, mean deviation can be calculated through following steps The first step is to calculate the mean or median or mode of the given series Compute the deviations of the observations of the series from the calculated mean or median or mode. This deviation is also denoted as capital letter D and is always taken as mod value i.e., ignoring the plus or minus sign. Take the summation of the deviations (sum of D) and divide it by number of observations (N). In the same way one can calculate mean deviation from median or mode in case of individual series. Calculations of Mean Deviation in case of discrete series: Mean deviation can be calculated in case of discrete series in a little bit different way. Following are some steps to calculate the average mean when the series is discrete. The first step is to calculate the mean or median or mode of the given series by using the formula as discussed in the previous chapter. Compute the deviations of the observations of the series from the calculated mean or median or mode value. This deviation is also denoted as capital letter D and is always taken as mod value i.e., ignoring the plus or minus sign. Multiply the corresponding frequency with each deviation value i.e., calculate f * D. Similarly, one can calculate the mean deviation or average deviation by taking deviations from median or mode. Calculations of Mean Deviation in case of continuous series: The first step is to calculate the mean or median or mode of the given series by using the formula as discussed in the previous chapter. In the second step, get the mid values of the observations (m) Compute the deviations of the observations of the series from the calculated mean or median or mode value. This deviation is also denoted as capital letter D = m mean or median or mode and is always taken as mod value i.e., ignoring the plus or minus sign. Multiply the corresponding frequency with each deviation value i.e., calculate f * D. Take the summation i.e., (sum of D) and divide it by number of observations (N). The formula may be Advantages of mean deviation: The computation process of mean deviation is based on all the observations of the series. The value of mean deviation is less affected by the extreme items. These are three alternatives available with the researcher while calculating the mean. One can consider the mean or median or mode. Hence it is more flexible in calculation. Disadvantages of mean deviation: The practical usefulness of mean deviation is very less. Mean deviation is not having enough scope for further mathematical calculations. Mod values are considered while calculating the mean deviation. It is criticized by some experts as illogical and unsound. THE STANDARD DEVIATION: Standard deviation or other wise called as root mean square deviation is the most important and widely used measure of variation. It measures the absolute variation of a distribution. It is the right measure that highlights the spread of the observation over and around the mean value. The greater the rate of variation of observations in a series, the greater will be the value of standard deviation. A small value of standard deviation implies a high degree of homogeneity among the observations in the series. If there will be a comparison between two or more standard deviations of two or more series, than it is always advisable to choose that series as ideal one which is having small value of standard deviation. Standard deviation is always measures from the mean or average value of the series. The credit for introducing this concept in the literature goes to Karl Pearson, a famous statistician. It is denoted by the Greek letter (pronounced as sigma) Standard deviation is calculated in following three different series: Standard deviation in case of Individual series Standard deviation in case of Discrete series Standard deviation in case of Continuous series All the above conditions are discussed in detail below. a. Standard deviation in case of individual series: In case of individual series, the value of standard deviation can be calculated by using two methods. Direct method- when deviations are taken from actual mean Short-cut method- when deviations are taken from assumed mean 1. Direct method- when deviations are taken from actual mean: Following are some steps to be followed for calculating the value of standard deviation. The first step is to calculate the actual mean value of the observation In the next column calculate the deviation from each observation i.e., find out () where is the mean of the series. In the next column calculate the square value of the deviations and at the end of the column calculate the sum of the square of the deviations i.e., Divide the total value with the number of observations (N) and than square root of the value. The formula will be . Since the series is having individual observations, some times it so happens that there is no need of taking the deviations. In such a case the researcher can directly calculate the value of the standard deviation. The formula for calculating directly is . 2. Short-cut method- when deviations are taken from assumed mean: In practical uses it so happens that while calculating standard deviation by using the arithmetic mean, the mean value may be in some fractions i.e., .25 etc. This creates the real problem in calculating the value of standard deviation. For this purpose, instead of calculating standard deviation by using the above discussed arithmetic mean methods, researchers generally prefer the method of short-cut which is nothing rather calculation of standard deviation by assuming a mean value. Following are some steps that to be followed for calculating standard deviation in case of assumed mean method: The first step is to assume a value from the X values as mean. This mean value is denoted as A. In the next step deviations are to be calculated from this assumed mean as (X-A) and this value is denoted as D. At the end of the same column, the sum of D () is to be calculated. Calculate the square of each observation of D i.e., calculate. The following formula is to be used to calculate standard deviation of the series. where N is the number of observations in the series. b. Standard deviation in case of discrete series: Discrete series are the series which are having some frequencies or repetitions of observations. In case of a discrete series standard deviation is calculated by using following three methods: when deviations are taken from actual mean when deviations are taken from assumed mean Following are the detailed analysis of the above the two methods. 1. When deviations are taken from actual mean: The steps to calculate standard deviation when deviations are calculated from the actual mean are The first step is to calculate the actual mean value of the observation In the next column calculate the deviation from each observation i.e., find out () where is the mean of the series, this can be denoted as D. In the next column calculate the square value of the deviations and at the end of the column calculate the sum of the square of the deviations i.e., Multiply corresponding frequencies of each observation with the value of D2 in the next column. Divide the total value with the number of observations (N) and than square root of the value. The formula will be 2. When deviations are taken from assumed mean: The steps to calculate standard deviation when deviations are calculated from the actual mean are The first step is to assume a mean value from the observations In the next column calculate the deviation from each observation i.e., find out () where A is the mean of the series, this deviation can be denoted as D. In the next column calculate the square value of the deviations and at the end of the column calculate the sum of the square of the deviations i.e., Multiply corresponding frequencies (f) of each observation with the value of D2 in the next column. Use the following formula to calculate standard deviation c. Standard deviation in case of Continuous series: Standard deviation in case of a continuous series can be calculated by using the following steps Calculate the mid value of the series and denote it as ‘m. Assume any value from the mid values and denote it as A Deviations can be calculated from each series i.e., calculate m – A and than divide it with the class interval value (i) i.e., Multiply the corresponding frequencies of each observation with the deviation value and take the sum at the end of the column i.e., calculate In the next column square the deviation values of each observation i.e., calculate Multiply the value of with its frequencies i.e., calculate Use the following formula to get standard deviation. Properties of standard deviation: As tool of variance, standard deviation is used as a good measure of interpretation of the scatteredness of observation of a series. It is a fact that in a normal distribution approximately 68 per cent of the observations of a series lies less than standard deviation away from the mean, again approximately 95.5 per cent of the items lie less than 2 standard deviation value away from the mean and in the same way 99.7 per cent of the items lie within 3 standard deviations away from the mean. Hence covers 68.27 per cent of the items in a series with normal distribution. covers 95.45 per cent of the items in a series with normal distribution and covers 99.73 per cent of the items in a series with normal distribution. Advantage of Standard Deviation: Following are some advantages of standard deviation as a measure of dispersion This is the highest used technique of dispersion. It is regarded as a very satisfactory measure of the dispersion of a series. It is capable of further mathematical calculations. Algebraic signs are not ignored while measuring the value of standard deviation of a series. It is less affected by the extreme observations of a series. The coefficients make the standard deviation very popular measure of the scatteredness of a series. Disadvantages of standard deviation: The disadvantages are It is not easy to understand the concept easily and quickly. It requires a good exercise to calculate the values of standard deviation. It gives more weight to observations which are away from the arithmetic mean. THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION: Another useful statistical tool for measuring dispersion of a series is coefficient of variation. The coefficient of variation is the relative measure of standard deviation which is an absolute measure of dispersion. This tool of dispersion is mostly used in case of comparing the variability two or more series of observation. While comparing, that series for which the value of the coefficient of variation is greater is said to be more variable (i.e., the observations of the series are less consistent, less uniform, less stable or less homogeneous). Hence it is always advisable to choose that series which is having less value of coefficient of variation. The value of coefficient is less implies more consistent, more uniform, more stable and of course more homogeneous. The value of coefficient of variation is always measured by using the value of standard deviation and its relative arithmetic mean. It is denoted as C.V., and is measured by using simple formula as discussed below: In practical field, researchers generally prefer to use standard deviation as a tool to measure the dispersion than that of coefficient of variance because of a numbers of reasons (researchers are advised to refer any standard statistics book to know more on coefficient of variance and its usefulness). GINI COEFFICIENT AND THE LORENZ CURVE: An illuminating manner of viewing the Gini coefficient is in terms of the Lorenz curve due to Lorenz (1905). It is generally defined on the basis of the Lorenz curve. It is popularly known as the Lorenz ratio. The most common definition of the Gini coefficient is in terms of the Lorenz diagram is the ratio of the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of equality, to the area of the triangle OBD below this line (figure-1). The Gini coefficient varies between the limits of 0 (perfect equality) and 1 (perfect inequality), and the greater the departure of the Lorenz curve from the diagonal, the larger is the value of the Gini coefficient. Various geometrical definitions of Gini coefficient discussed in the literature and useful for different purposes are examined here. CONCLUSIONS: The study of dispersion will enables us to know whether a series is homogeneous (where all the observations remains around the central value) or the observations is heterogeneous (there will be variations in the observations around the central value Hence it can be said that a measure of dispersion describes the spread or scattering of the individual values of a series around its central value. For this there are a numbers of methods to determine the variations as discussed in this chapter. But it is always confusing among the researchers that which method is the best among the different techniques that we have discussed? The answer to this question is very simple and says that no single average can be considered as best for all types of data series. The most important factors are the type of data available and the purpose of investigation. Critiques suggest that if a series is having more extreme values than standard deviation as technique is to be avoided. On the other hand in case of more skewed observations standard deviation may be used but mean deviation needs to be avoided where as if the series is having more gaps between two observations than quartile deviation is not an appropriate measure to be used. Similarly, standard deviation is the best technique for any purpose of data. SUMMARY: The study of dispersion will enables us to know whether a series is homogeneous (where all the observations remains around the central value) or the observations is heterogeneous (there will be variations in the observations around the central value). Dispersion when measured on basis of the difference between two extreme values selected from a series of data. The two well known measures are (i) The Range and (ii) The Inter-quartile Range. Dispersion when measured on basis of average deviation from some measure of central tendency. The well known measures are (i) The Mean/average deviation, (ii) The Standard Deviation, (iii) The Coefficient of variation and (iv) The Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve The range is defined as the difference between the highest value and the lowest value of the series. Range as a measure of variation is having limited applicability. The inter-quartile range measures approximately how far from the median one must go on either side before it can be include one-half the values of the data set. Mean/average deviation is the arithmetic mean of the difference of a series computed from any measure of central tendency i.e., either deviation from mean or median or mode. The absolute values of each observation are calculated. A small value of standard deviation implies a high degree of homogeneity among the observations in the series. If there will be a comparison between two or more standard deviations of two or more series, than it is always advisable to choose that series as ideal one which is having small value of standard deviation. Standard deviation is always measures from the mean or average value of the series. The coefficient of variation is the relative measure of standard deviation which is an absolute measure of dispersion. This tool of dispersion is mostly used in case of comparing the variability two or more series of observation. The most common definition of the Gini coefficient is in terms of the Lorenz diagram is the ratio of the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of equality, to the area of the triangle below the equality line. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS: 1. Age of ten students in a class is considered. Find the mean and standard deviation. 19, 21, 20, 20, 23, 25, 24, 25, 22, 26 The following table derives the marks obtained in Statistics paper by 100 students in a class. Calculate the standard deviation and mean deviation. The monthly profits of 150 shop keepers selling different commodities in a city footpath is derived below. Calculate the mean, mean deviation and standard of the distribution. The daily wage of 160 labourers working in a cotton mill in Surat cith is derived below. Calculate the range, mean deviation and standard of the distribution. Calculate the mean deviation and standard deviation of the following distribution. What do you mean by measure of dispersion? How far it helpful to a decision-maker in the process of decision making? Define measure of Dispersion? Among the various tools of dispersion which tool according to you is the best one, give suitable reason of your answer. What do you mean by measure of dispersion? Compare and contrast various tools of dispersion by pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. Discuss with example the relative merits of range, mean deviation and standard deviation as measures of dispersion. Define standard deviation? Why standard deviation is more useful than other measures of dispersion? The data derived below shows the ages of 100 students pursuing their master degree in economics. Calculate the Mean deviation and standard deviation. Following is the results of a study carried out to determine the number of mileage the marketing executives drove their cars over a 1-year period. For this 50 marketing executives are sampled. Based on the findings, calculate the range and inter-quartile range. In an enquiry of the number of days 230 patients chosen randomly stayed in a Government hospital following after operation. On the basics of observation calculate the standard deviation. Cars sold in small car segment in November 2009 at 10 Maruti Suzuki dealers in Delhi city is explained below. Compute the range, mean deviation and standard deviation of the data series. Following is the daily data on the number of persons entered through main gate in a month to institute. Calculate the range and standard deviation of the series. Calculate the range and coefficient of range of a group of students from the marks obtained in two papers as derived below: Following are marks obtained by some students in a class-test. Calculate the range and coefficient of range. By using the direct and indirect method, calculate the mean deviation by using both arithmetic mean and mode from the following data set which is related to age and numbers of residents of Vasundara apartment, Gaziabad. A local geezer manufacturer at Greater Noida has developed a new and chief variety of geezers which are meant of lower and middle income households. He carried out a survey in some apartments asking the expectations of the customers that they are ready to invest on purchase of geezer. Calculate the standard deviation of the series. Calculate median of the following distribution. From the median value calculate the mean deviation and coefficient of mean deviation. Calculate median of the following distribution. From the median value calculate the mean deviation and coefficient of mean deviation. Calculate the arithmetic average and standard deviation from the following daily data of rickshaw puller of Hyderabad City. From the students of 250 candidates the mean and standard deviations of their total marks were calculated as 60 and 17. Latter in the process of verification it is found that a score 46 was misread 64. Recalculate the correct mean and standard deviation. The wage structure paid on daily basis of two cotton factories are derived below. In order to show the inequality, draw the Lorenz curve. Total marks obtained by the students in two sections are derived below. By using the data draw a Lorenz curve. Draw the Lorenz curve of the following data. Find the range and co-efficient of range for the following data set. The height of 10 firemen working in a fire station are 165, 168, 172, 174, 175, 178, 156, 158, 160, 179 cms. Calculate the range of the series. Now let that the tallest and the shortest firemen are get transformed from the fire station. Calculate the range of the new firemen. What percentage change is found in the earlier range and the latter range? Calculate the quartile deviation from the following derived data. Calculate the interquartile range, quartile deviation and its coefficient for the following data series. Calculate the mean deviation from the following data. Calculate the mean deviation from median and mean for the following series. The distribution derived below reveals the difference in age between husband and wife in a community. Based on the data, calculate mean deviation and standard deviation. Calculate th

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Analysis of The Prime of Miss Jean Brodice by Muriel Spark Essay

Analysis of The Prime of Miss Jean Brodice by Muriel Spark â€Å"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie is a novel about a teacher’s dedication to her pupils. It is also about loyalty and betrayal.† The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie is a novel about a teacher’s dedication to her pupils. It is also about loyalty and betrayal. The novel emphasises the effects of dedication, loyalty and betrayal within a small group of people and the way in which they are all intertwined. It forces the reader to look at particular aspects of these themes. When has dedication gone too far? To what extent is loyalty due to another? Can betrayal be justified? These themes are joined when a teacher’s dedication becomes interference in her student’s life forcing that student to retract her loyalty and put a stop to the situation, an action branded by the teacher as â€Å"betrayal†. The most obvious theme in The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie is that dedication to the young has a definite limit, it should stop at guidance. It becomes evil when it is extended to domination of their and direction of their lives. Miss Brodie is very protective of her class of 1931, she feels the are the ‘crà ¨me de la crà ¨me† and they attract her special dedication. Miss Brodie took them to the theatre, to galleries and museums where they were encouraged to emulate the dedication of powerful female figures such as Pavlova and Sybil Thorndike. However, her dedication is deep: â€Å"These are the years of my prime. You are benefiting by my prime†¦one’s prime is the moment one was born for.† (P44) Miss Brodie believed that her great dedication was in the best interests of her girls. However, it is quite apparent that the girls do not receive a ‘prime’ education. Miss Brodie felt that the knowledge the girls were meant to have for exams was unimportant: â€Å"If there are any intruders, we are doing our history lesson†¦ our poetry†¦ English gramma†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The small girls held up their books with eyes not on them, but on Miss Brodie.† (P11) It is impossible to deny that Miss Brodie had great dedication towards her girls. However, her motives for her dedication and the lengths she goes to are in her own interests rather than in the interests of her girls. Miss Brodie’s dedication to her girls went too far, she went beyond the stage of merely bringing out the best in the girls and began too meddle in their lives: â€Å"It was plain... ... her decision was regrettable but inevitable. The themes of dedication, loyalty and betrayal in The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie are all quite closely connected. Miss Brodie is liked to a ‘God’ figure: â€Å"She thinks she is Providence, she thinks she is the God of Calvin, she sees the beginning and the end† (P120) Her dedication is largely focused on her set, who can be seen as her disciples, and Sandy who would therefore be Judus. The difference being that Sandy’s ‘betrayal’ is justified: â€Å"’It’s only possible to betray where loyalty is due,’ said Sandy. ‘Well, wasn’t it due to Miss Brodie?’ ‘Only up to a point,’ said Sandy† (P127) The three themes of dedication, loyalty and betrayal are all closely knit and so they complement each other in the way they are woven into the story. As Miss Brodie’s girls were being formed, Miss Brodie’s nature was also growing and the principals governing the end of her ‘prime’ started with her dedication, climaxed with a breach of loyalty and finished with a betrayal. The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie demonstrates clearly that dedication should stop at guidance, that loyalty is due only up to a point and that betrayal can be justifiable.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Purpose of a Project Scope/Baseline

Defining project scope is the process of developing a detailed description of the project and product. The processes used to manage project scope, as well as the supporting tools and techniques, vary by application area and are usually defined as part of the project life cycle. The approved detailed project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary are the scope baseline for the project. This baseline is then monitored, verified, and controlled throughout the lifecycle of the project. The purpose of project scope is to provide the project organization and the project manager with a road map of both the work to be completed, as well as the types of final deliverables sought. In some cases the scope document and the SOW are practically identical. For example, while the scope document may describe the end product or service to be produced and delivered by the project, it should not be treated as a document for technical specifications. Changes happen as a result of several reasons: As the result of initial planning errors- Because many projects involve significant technology risks and uncertainty, it is often impossible to accurately account for all potential problems or technological roadblocks. As a result, many projects require midcourse changes to specifications when they encounter unsolvable problems or unexpected difficulties. As a result of additional knowledge of project conditions- The project team or client may enter into a project, only to discover that specific project features or the development environment itself require midcourse changes to scope. Uncontrollable mandates- In some circumstances, events occur outside the control of the project manager or team that must be factored into the project as it moves forward. Client requests- As a project`s clients learn more about the project, they often ask for significant alternations to address new needs. Also, reasons for changing the project may be: poor communication; pressure/time constraints preventing effective definitive design; contracts signed when scope in not frozen; changes from initial design; poor initial planning; lack of project management tools and others. In simple terms, configuration management is the best understood as the Systematic Management and Control of Project Change. The specific tasks of the configuration management discipline are as follows: * Configuration identification – This process identifies all items uniquely within the configuration, which establishes a successful method for requesting a change and ensures that no change takes place without authority. In addition, every configuration item should be physically labeled so that the label identifies that physical item as the one recorded in the configuration register. In the case of large projects that involve numerous configuration items, it is important to establish a baseline configuration to provide some structure and avoid confusion. * Configuration control – This is a system through which changes may be made to configuration items. As change request begin to appear, the configuration control system ensures that no change is made without assessment of its impact, either by the people potentially affected by the change, or without approval by an appropriate authority. * Configuration status accounting- This process, which records and reports the current status and history of all changes to the configuration system, provides a complete record of what happened to the configuration system to date. * Configuration audit – These audits are performed to ensure conformity between the items in the configuration and their specifications. Audits ensure not only a match between what is delivered and what was required, but also consistency throughout all project documents. To avoid the cost and delays associated with uncontrolled changes, many organizations have set up formal procedures to control them- and have further extended those procedures â€Å"upstream† to anticipate changes well before occur. Establishing a configuration control system provides such a framework for anticipating what may not be obvious.

Friday, November 8, 2019

How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile 13th Edition

How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile 13th Edition At long last†¦ How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, 13th  Edition is on sale!! Since March of this year, LinkedIn seems to be making changes to its platform on a daily basis. I have been diligently editing my book as the changes roll in, and I finally feel comfortable enough, now that the major features seem to have settled, that I am â€Å"pulling the trigger† and publishing the 13th  Edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. As I went through the process of creating this edition, I realized that there’s probably a different format that will be more easily kept current. I’ve decided this will be the FINAL version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile in its current form! So if you want a comprehensive, up-to-date LinkedIn resource for 2018, now’s the time to get it – for just $9.97! If you do choose to pick up a copy of my book, note that only the e-book has been updated. It is the ONLY book I know of on the market with all the latest images from the current LinkedIn platform. If you get the print version, there will be parts that are out of date, but you can subscribe at no extra cost to get the book in PDF format. that way you can refer to the PDF for anything you need. What’s in the Book? Here’s just a taste of what’s in the 13th edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile: Revised images and instructions throughout to match LinkedIns new redesign Update on which features have really disappeared and which have moved Mobile-specific instructions Special advice from a past recruiter How to create an All-Star profile The new face of LinkedIn Jobs And more! Get KILLER LinkedIn Tips All in One Place Over the past six months, I have published multiple articles about the new LinkedIn. You could certainly take the time to read them all individually. Be warned, however, that some of the material in these articles is already outdated – and they do not cover everything that’s in the new edition of my book. Here’s where you can go to get a sense of just a few of the updates you’ll find in the 13th edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile: Everything You Need to Know About the New LinkedIn Recommendations Section How to Find a Job Using LinkedIn How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Headline The Incredible Disappearing LinkedIn Profile – Part II From the Mouth of LinkedIn: 6 Things You Need to Know The Incredible Disappearing LinkedIn Profile – Part I But why go to six different places when you could get everything in one total package? Remember, this is the last year that How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile will exist in its current format. If you purchase the PDF, I’ll continue to provide you with updates until January 2019 if relevant changes occur on LinkedIn. After that, I’m scheming up something new! Also, starting a month from now, the PDF version of my book will NOT be available for sale for three months on my website. So now is the time to get the best, most up-to-date handbook that exists on writing a KILLER LinkedIn profile. I’m open to ideas for what to create next. If there’s anything you’d like to see for my next resource about LinkedIn, please share!